An Assessment of Hypertension Prevalence Among Older Adults in Edo State
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Background of the Study
Hypertension, a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is a significant public health concern globally, particularly among older adults. In Edo State, older populations are increasingly affected by high blood pressure due to a combination of genetic predisposition, lifestyle factors, and the stressors associated with urbanization. Limited awareness about hypertension, coupled with inadequate access to healthcare, often results in underdiagnosis and poor management of the condition. Recent studies indicate that the prevalence of hypertension among older adults in developing regions is rising at an alarming rate, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality (Afolabi, 2023).
In Edo State, factors such as dietary habits, sedentary lifestyles, and psychosocial stressors have been implicated in the high incidence of hypertension. Traditional diets, which may be high in salt and fat, combined with low levels of physical activity, further exacerbate the problem. Moreover, the aging population faces additional challenges in managing chronic diseases due to limited healthcare infrastructure and financial constraints. The lack of routine screening and health education means that many older adults remain unaware of their hypertensive status until complications arise (Ibeh, 2024). This situation underscores the critical need for comprehensive epidemiological studies to assess the true burden of hypertension among older adults in Edo State and to inform effective public health interventions.
Statement of the Problem
Despite increasing recognition of hypertension as a critical health issue, there remains limited data on its prevalence among older adults in Edo State. The absence of widespread screening programs and low public awareness contribute to delayed diagnosis and inadequate treatment, resulting in severe complications such as stroke, heart failure, and renal disease. Many older adults do not seek regular medical check-ups due to financial constraints, cultural beliefs, or the perception that hypertension is a normal part of aging. This underdiagnosis not only compromises individual health outcomes but also places a strain on the healthcare system (Olumide, 2023). Additionally, lifestyle factors, including poor dietary practices and physical inactivity, are poorly addressed in current health promotion efforts. The gap in accurate, localized epidemiological data hinders the development of targeted interventions aimed at reducing the burden of hypertension among older adults in Edo State (Okoro, 2024).
Objectives of the Study
- To determine the prevalence of hypertension among older adults in Edo State.
- To identify lifestyle and socio-demographic factors associated with hypertension in this population.
- To recommend strategies for improving hypertension screening and management among older adults.
Research Questions
- What is the prevalence of hypertension among older adults in Edo State?
- Which lifestyle factors and socio-demographic variables are significantly associated with hypertension in this group?
- What interventions can effectively improve hypertension detection and management in older adults?
Research Hypotheses
- High salt intake and sedentary behavior are significantly associated with increased hypertension prevalence among older adults.
- Lower levels of health literacy contribute to underdiagnosis and poor management of hypertension.
- Community-based screening programs will significantly improve hypertension detection rates.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study focuses on older adults (aged 60 and above) in urban and semi-urban areas of Edo State. Data will be collected via physical examinations, questionnaires, and interviews. Limitations include potential selection bias and the cross-sectional design, which limits causal inferences.
Definitions of Terms
- Hypertension: A chronic medical condition characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure levels.
- Prevalence: The proportion of a population found to have a condition at a specific time.
- Older Adults: Individuals aged 60 years and above.
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